Primary Design Considerations for Stud Welding
Parent Metal Analysis: Arc stud welding can only be
considered if the parent metal is weldable. Proper results can be
produced with standard techniques only when low carbon or low alloy
steel or austenitic stainless steels are used as parent metals. Other
steel alloys can be welded, but may require heat treatment or other
special techniques to develop full weld strength.
Brass, copper, and aluminum alloys can also be stud welded.
However, brass, copper, and exotic metals are best welded using the
CD method.
Because there are so many alloys, it is difficult to cover all
variations here. When parent metal analysis is questionable,
call or e-mail your MES representative for
technical help.
Quite often, for instance, weld qualities can only be determined
through actual mechanical testing of a prototype sample. We maintain
facilities for this purpose, and your MES representative should be
called upon to provide sampling and test data service whenever
necessary.
Fastener Design Ratio: Our experience has shown that to
assure complete fastener strength development, the parent metal
thickness should be at least 1/2 of the weld base diameter of the
stud.
For applications where strength is not the primary requirement, the
parent metal thickness may be reduced to a minimum of 1/5 the weld
base diameter. By staying above this minimum ratio, you will get
complete cross-sectional-area weld fusion without burn-through or
excessive distortion of the parent metal.
Selecting the Proper Stud: It would be impossible to include
specifications of all the various styles and sizes that have been
produced and are readily available for your use. Therefore, you should
not feel limited in choice to those shown throughout our site. In
order to achieve the lowest fastener cost, the first consideration
should always be given to:
Ordering Studs: Follow "To Order" instructions.
- Standard Stud Types
- Standard Lengths and Diameters
- Standard Material Composition
Standard Studs: Each of the following specification sheets
details stud styles that have been developed through a long history of
usage and manufacturing experience. These specifications were
developed to establish economical, useful, standard dimensions. The
dimensional limits given do not, however, preclude our ability to
manufacture stud welding fasteners with dimensions outside the
established figures.
Special Studs: Most normal machining operations, cross
drilling, slotting, bending, swaging, piercing, etc. are available in
combination with many of the studs detailed on the specification
sheets. Infinite styles of studs can be produced through these
secondary machining operations. Depending upon the application, a
special stud may provide even greater in-use economies than a standard
stud. Consult your MES representative, it's possible we may have
already designed the "special" stud you require.